Aberlady Bay Local Nature Reserve is important for three reasons. Firstly, it is situated very close
to a centre of population, and it therefore has great potential educationally, both for school teaching
and for teaching at a more advanced level. It is suitable for teaching such subjects as physical
geography, geology, ecology and general natural history.
Secondly, the Reserve provides a winter refuge for wildfowl. Together with Caerlaverock National
Nature Reserve, wildfowl shooting is controlled by permit. Aberlady Bay was the first place in
Scotland where any control of wildfowl-ing had been attempted. The following is an extract from a
Nature Conservancy report (Wildfowling at Caerlaverock National Nature Reserve, The Nature
Conservancy, Edinburgh, second edition, November, 1964): 'Shooting, except by permit, has been
prohibited since 1953 and in March, 1955, the validity of Bye-Laws to control shooting on the
foreshore was confirmed by the Lord Justice-Clerk. Although permits to shoot were issued before
1957—58, it was not until that season that a formal system of issuing was introduced, requiring a
return on birds shot and the number of visits to the Reserve.... Permits are generally issued to
shoot wild duck only, although in 1959-60 and 1962- 63 geese, mainly pink-footed, were also
permitted to be shot. There are no short period permits, all permits being issued for the whole
season which, because the shooting area is entirely below H.W.M.O.S.T., extends from 1st
September to 20th February.'
Thirdly, the sand dunes near Jovie's Neuk, in the north of the Reserve, should be considered as an
example of one of a series of dunes occurring around the coasts of Scotland. The following extracts
are taken from a Nature Conservancy report (General Introduction to Dune Reserves in Scotland,
Tentsmuir Point National Nature Reserve Management Plan, Nature Conservancy):
'The main scientific interests of the dune systems are physiographical and botanical, particularly
the closely linked processes of sand accretion and plant colonisation. These are controlled to a
greater or lesser extent by the following factors which determine the variations of topography and
vegetation in each area:
(1) geographical position (including structure of adjacent coastline, aspect, exposure to
direction of maximum wave fetch, past changes in sea level);
(2) supply and composition of sand, especially shell content;
(3) climate (especially wind direction and force, and rainfall);
(4) land use (modification of natural habitat by cultivation, afforestation, grazing or military
use).
'A broad division can be drawn between the east and west coasts. Much of the east is composed
of sedimentary rocks and is low lying where traversed by the firths or estuaries of the main rivers
which transport large quantities of sand and other deposits. The most extensive dune systems of
Scotland occur here, near the Forth, Tay, Moray and Dornoch Firths and in parts of Aberdeenshire.
The west coast, formed of more resistant igneous and metamorphic rocks, is generally more
rugged and lacks large estuaries with offshore sandbanks or bars.... Differences in the topography
of east and west coast dunes are due mainly to wind factors. With full exposure to the westerlies
there is continued movement of sand inland, a complex system of unstable dunes and blow-outs
and often high dune ridges. On parts of the east coast where the prevailing west winds oppose the
easterly dune- building winds, parallel dune ridges develop, with lower relief, greater stability and
more rapid lateral accretion.
' Differences in the vegetation of east and west coast dunes are due mainly to differences in the
composition of the sand. The shell-sands of the Western Isles contain more than 50% calcium
carbonate, compared with less that 2% in the mineral sands of the east coast. This has little effect
on the unstable dunes which in all cases are colonised mainly by Marram (Ammophila arenaria),
but inland of these an acid heath rapidly develops on the east coast dunes, in contrast to the rich
dune pasture of the Hebrides. Lichens are characteristic of the acid area, giving rise to the "grey"
dunes of the east coast where bryophytes are important colonisers....
'Twelve dune systems around the Scottish coast have been chosen to illustrate the range of
dune forms and vegetation. The location of these is. ...
1. Aberlady Bay (East Lothian). The Aberlady dunes, rising to 200 feet, are part of a long
stretch of sand-dunes formed along the south side of the Firth of Forth. The dunes are
higher than those of Tentsmuir in Fife due to exposure to west winds, which are causing
some erosion at the seaward edge. There is a sizeable area of salt marsh and hardly any
development of parallel dunes and slacks. The landward dune areas have suffered from
public pressure and transformation to golf courses.'
It can thus be seen that Aberlady Bay Local Nature Reserve has two characters — education and
conservation. The conservation aspect makes the Reserve particularly important in that it is a link
between areas managed for wildfowl refuges and for preservation and research on sand dune
systems.